There's an overhead attached with this approach, but some servers can benefit from this scheme. strictatime (strict atime): This option updates the access timestamp of files every time they're accessed.The following are some of the most common options: You can also set options to dictate the scheme they should use to update the access timestamp. These are stored in the /etc/fstab file, which is read and processed at boot time. When a file system is mounted, there are options you can use to specify how that file system should operate or be treated. You have to calculate these on the fly using the timestamp (which is always in UTC time), the local time zone of the computer displaying the file, and whether DST was in effect. There's neither an inode nor a file system space devoted to holding these values. The offsets and time zones aren't stored anywhere. That's why two of the timestamps have a five-hour offset, but the modified has a four-hour offset. In April 2019, when the modified timestamp was changed, EDT was in effect. However, it's four hours behind UTC when Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) is in force. That time zone is five hours behind UTC when EST is in force. The computer we used to research this article is configured as if it were in the Eastern Standard Time (EST) zone of the U.S. The file system records the timestamps in UTC and converts them to the local time zone when displayed by stat. At the end of each timestamp, you also see a -0500 or -0400 . As you can see, they have a very accurate, fractional seconds component. The time zones are listed at the bottom of the display. Sometimes, this timestamp is populated, but you can't depend on the values in it. The standard ext4 Linux file system also allocates space for a file-creation timestamp in its internal file system structures, but this hasn't been implemented yet. File permission changes, for example, will update the changed timestamp. Rather, it's the time at which the metadata related to the file was changed. "Modified" means something inside the file was amended or deleted, or new data was added.Ĭhanged timestamps aren't referring to changes made to the contents of a file. A program or process either edited or manipulated the file. The data was referenced but unchanged.Ī modified timestamp signifies the last time the contents of a file were modified. This means someone used a program to display the contents of the file or read some values from it. The access timestamp is the last time a file was read. The Difference Between atime, mtime, and ctimeĮvery Linux file has three timestamps: the access timestamp (atime), the modified timestamp (mtime), and the changed timestamp (ctime).
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